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2016 ; 17
(ä): 252
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TRaCE+: Ensemble inference of gene regulatory networks from transcriptional
expression profiles of gene knock-out experiments
#MMPMID27342648
Ud-Dean SM
; Heise S
; Klamt S
; Gunawan R
BMC Bioinformatics
2016[Jun]; 17
(ä): 252
PMID27342648
show ga
BACKGROUND: The inference of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) from transcriptional
expression profiles is challenging, predominantly due to its underdetermined
nature. One important consequence of underdetermination is the existence of many
possible solutions to this inference. Our previously proposed ensemble inference
algorithm TRaCE addressed this issue by inferring an ensemble of network directed
graphs (digraphs) using differential gene expressions from gene knock-out (KO)
experiments. However, TRaCE could not deal with the mode of the transcriptional
regulations (activation or repression), an important feature of GRNs. RESULTS: In
this work, we developed a new algorithm called TRaCE+ for the inference of an
ensemble of signed GRN digraphs from transcriptional expression data of gene KO
experiments. The sign of the edges indicates whether the regulation is an
activation (positive) or a repression (negative). TRaCE+ generates the upper and
lower bounds of the ensemble, which define uncertain regulatory interactions that
could not be verified by the data. As demonstrated in the case studies using
Escherichia coli GRN and 100-gene gold-standard GRNs from DREAM 4 network
inference challenge, by accounting for regulatory signs, TRaCE+ could extract
more information from the KO data than TRaCE, leading to fewer uncertain edges.
Importantly, iterating TRaCE+ with an optimal design of gene KOs could resolve
the underdetermined issue of GRN inference in much fewer KO experiments than
using TRaCE. CONCLUSIONS: TRaCE+ expands the applications of ensemble GRN
inference strategy by accounting for the mode of the gene regulatory
interactions. In comparison to TRaCE, TRaCE+ enables a better utilization of gene
KO data, thereby reducing the cost of tackling underdetermined GRN inference.
TRaCE+ subroutines for MATLAB are freely available at the following website:
http://www.cabsel.ethz.ch/tools/trace.html .