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2016 ; 380
(1
): 330-9
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Improving cancer therapies by targeting the physical and chemical hallmarks of
the tumor microenvironment
#MMPMID26724680
Ivey JW
; Bonakdar M
; Kanitkar A
; Davalos RV
; Verbridge SS
Cancer Lett
2016[Sep]; 380
(1
): 330-9
PMID26724680
show ga
Tumors are highly heterogeneous at the patient, tissue, cellular, and molecular
levels. This multi-scale heterogeneity poses significant challenges for effective
therapies, which ideally must not only distinguish between tumorous and healthy
tissue, but also fully address the wide variety of tumorous sub-clones. Commonly
used therapies either leverage a biological phenotype of cancer cells (e.g. high
rate of proliferation) or indiscriminately kill all the cells present in a
targeted volume. Tumor microenvironment (TME) targeting represents a promising
therapeutic direction, because a number of TME hallmarks are conserved across
different tumor types, despite the underlying genetic heterogeneity.
Historically, TME targeting has largely focused on the cells that support tumor
growth (e.g. vascular endothelial cells). However, by viewing the intrinsic
physical and chemical alterations in the TME as additional therapeutic
opportunities rather than barriers, a new class of TME-inspired treatments has
great promise to complement or replace existing therapeutic strategies. In this
review we summarize the physical and chemical hallmarks of the TME, and discuss
how these tumor characteristics either currently are, or may ultimately be
targeted to improve cancer therapies.