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2016 ; 4
(1
): 30
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Reduced diversity and altered composition of the gut microbiome in individuals
with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome
#MMPMID27338587
Giloteaux L
; Goodrich JK
; Walters WA
; Levine SM
; Ley RE
; Hanson MR
Microbiome
2016[Jun]; 4
(1
): 30
PMID27338587
show ga
BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal disturbances are among symptoms commonly reported by
individuals diagnosed with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome
(ME/CFS). However, whether ME/CFS is associated with an altered microbiome has
remained uncertain. Here, we profiled gut microbial diversity by sequencing 16S
ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) genes from stool as well as inflammatory
markers from serum for cases (n?=?48) and controls (n?=?39). We also examined a
set of inflammatory markers in blood: C-reactive protein (CRP), intestinal fatty
acid-binding protein (I-FABP), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS-binding protein
(LBP), and soluble CD14 (sCD14). RESULTS: We observed elevated levels of some
blood markers for microbial translocation in ME/CFS patients; levels of LPS, LBP,
and sCD14 were elevated in ME/CFS subjects. Levels of LBP correlated with LPS and
sCD14 and LPS levels correlated with sCD14. Through deep sequencing of bacterial
rRNA markers, we identified differences between the gut microbiomes of healthy
individuals and patients with ME/CFS. We observed that bacterial diversity was
decreased in the ME/CFS specimens compared to controls, in particular, a
reduction in the relative abundance and diversity of members belonging to the
Firmicutes phylum. In the patient cohort, we find less diversity as well as
increases in specific species often reported to be pro-inflammatory species and
reduction in species frequently described as anti-inflammatory. Using a machine
learning approach trained on the data obtained from 16S rRNA and inflammatory
markers, individuals were classified correctly as ME/CFS with a cross-validation
accuracy of 82.93 %. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate dysbiosis of the gut
microbiota in this disease and further suggest an increased incidence of
microbial translocation, which may play a role in inflammatory symptoms in
ME/CFS.