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10.1038/srep27608 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1038/srep27608 C4918010!4918010 !27334674     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Warning: imagejpeg(C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\phplern\27334674 .jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117       Sci+Rep 2016 ; 6 (ä): 27608 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=27334674 |t=2016. Stiffness gradient of the beetle penis facilitates propulsion in the spiraled female spermathecal duct |pdf=|usr=}}{{27334674 }} gab.com Text Stiffness gradient of the beetle penis facilitates propulsion in the spiraled female spermathecal duct JO: Sci Rep http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=27334674 #FOAvip It is well known that sexual selection is the main driving force of substantial diversity of genitalia found in animals. However, how it facilitates the diversity is still largely unknown, because genital morpho/physical features and motions/functional morphology of the structures in sexual intercourse are not linked for the vast majority of organisms. Here we showed the presence of material gradient and numerically studied an effect of stiffness gradient of the beetle penis during its propulsion through the female duct. We found that stiffness gradient on the penis essentially affects its propulsion. Microscopic investigation suggests the possibility that the tip of the hyper-elongated penis is softer than the rest of it, and our numerical model confirms that this type of distribution of stiffness gradient aids in faster propulsion than other types. This result indicates that previously ignored physical properties of genital materials are of crucial importance in evolutionary studies of genitalia. Twit Text FOAVip Stiffness gradient of the beetle penis facilitates propulsion in the spiraled female spermathecal duct ????Sci Rep http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=27334674 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=27334674 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|27334674 }}</ref> Stiffness gradient of the beetle penis facilitates propulsion in the spiraled female spermathecal duct #MMPMID27334674 Filippov AE ; Matsumura Y ; Kovalev AE ; Gorb SN Sci Rep 2016[Jun]; 6 (ä): 27608 PMID27334674 show ga It is well known that sexual selection is the main driving force of substantial diversity of genitalia found in animals. However, how it facilitates the diversity is still largely unknown, because genital morpho/physical features and motions/functional morphology of the structures in sexual intercourse are not linked for the vast majority of organisms. Here we showed the presence of material gradient and numerically studied an effect of stiffness gradient of the beetle penis during its propulsion through the female duct. We found that stiffness gradient on the penis essentially affects its propulsion. Microscopic investigation suggests the possibility that the tip of the hyper-elongated penis is softer than the rest of it, and our numerical model confirms that this type of distribution of stiffness gradient aids in faster propulsion than other types. This result indicates that previously ignored physical properties of genital materials are of crucial importance in evolutionary studies of genitalia. |*Biological Evolution [MESH] |Animals [MESH] |Biomechanical Phenomena [MESH] |Coleoptera/*anatomy & histology/physiology [MESH] |Copulation/physiology [MESH] |Female [MESH] |Genitalia, Female/anatomy & histology/physiology/*ultrastructure [MESH] |Genitalia, Male/anatomy & histology/physiology/*ultrastructure [MESH] |Hardness [MESH] |Male [MESH] |Microscopy, Confocal [MESH] |Optical Imaging [MESH]Stiffness gradient of the beetle penis facilitates propulsion in the s(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing