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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Trends+Immunol 2016 ; 37 (3): 193-207 Nephropedia Template TP
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IDO in the Tumor Microenvironment: Inflammation, Counter-regulation and Tolerance #MMPMID26839260
Munn DH; Mellor AL
Trends Immunol 2016[Mar]; 37 (3): 193-207 PMID26839260show ga
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has immunoregulatory roles associated tryptophan metabolism. These include counter-regulation (controlling inflammation) and acquired tolerance in T cells. Recent findings reveal that IDO can be triggered by innate responses during tumorigenesis, and also by attempted T cell activation, either spontaneous or due to immunotherapy. Here we review the current understanding of mechanisms by which IDO participates in the control of inflammation and in peripheral tolerance. Focusing on the tumor microenvironment, we examine the role of IDO in response to apoptotic cells and the impact of IDO on Treg cell function. We discuss how the counter-regulatory and tolerogenic functions of IDO can be targeted for cancer immunotherapy and present an overview of the current clinical progress in this area.