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2016 ; 37
(18
): 1439-48
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Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in adults with congenital heart disease:
a systematic review and meta-analysis
#MMPMID26873095
Vehmeijer JT
; Brouwer TF
; Limpens J
; Knops RE
; Bouma BJ
; Mulder BJ
; de Groot JR
Eur Heart J
2016[May]; 37
(18
): 1439-48
PMID26873095
show ga
AIMS: Sudden cardiac death is a major cause of mortality in adult congenital
heart disease (ACHD) patients. The indications for implantable
cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation in ACHD patients are still not well
established. We aim to systematically review the literature on indications and
outcome of ICD implantation in ACHD patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a
comprehensive search in EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar to identify all
studies on ICD implantation in ACHD patients. We used random effects models to
calculate proportions and 95% confidence intervals. Of 1356 articles, 24 studies
with 2162 patients were included, with a mean follow-up of 3.6 ± 0.9 years. Half
of patients had tetralogy of Fallot. Mean age at implantation was 36.5 ± 5.5
years old and 66% was male. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators were
implanted for primary prevention in 53% (43.5-62.7). Overall, 24% (18.6-31.3) of
patients received one or more appropriate ICD interventions (anti-tachycardia
pacing or shocks) during 3.7 ± 0.9 years: 22% (16.9-28.8) of patients with
primary prevention in 3.3 ± 0.3 years and 35% (26.6-45.2) of patients with
secondary prevention in 4.3 ± 1.2 years. Inappropriate shocks occurred in 25%
(20.1-31.0) in 3.7 ± 0.8 years and other, particularly lead-related complications
in 26% (18.9-33.6) of patients in 3.8 ± 0.8 years. All-cause mortality was 10%
during 3.7 ± 0.9 years. CONCLUSIONS: In ACHD, remarkably high rates of
appropriate ICD therapy were reported, both in primary and secondary prevention.
Because of the young age and lower death rates, the cumulative beneficial effects
are likely greater in ACHD patients than in acquired heart disease patients.
However, considering the high rates of inappropriate shocks and complications,
case-by-case weighing of costs and benefits, remains essential.