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10.1128/IAI.01483-15 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1128/IAI.01483-15 C4907132!4907132!27068089     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Infect+Immun 2016 ; 84 (6): 1857-65 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=27068089|t=2016. Macrophage Apoptosis Triggered by IpaD from Shigella flexneri |pdf=|usr=}}{{27068089}} gab.com Text Macrophage Apoptosis Triggered by IpaD from Shigella flexneri JO: Infect Immun http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=27068089 #FOAvip Shigellosis, a potentially severe bacillary dysentery, is an infectious gastrointestinal disease caused by Shigella spp. Shigella invades the human colonic epithelium and avoids clearance by promoting apoptosis of resident immune cells in the gut. This process is dependent on the Shigella type III secretion system (T3SS), which injects effector proteins into target cells to alter their normal cellular functions. Invasion plasmid antigen D (IpaD) is a structural component that forms a complex at the tip of the T3SS apparatus needle. Recently, IpaD has also been shown to indirectly induce apoptosis in B lymphocytes. In this study, we explored the cytotoxicity profile during macrophage infection by Shigella and discovered that the pathogen induces macrophage cell death independent of caspase-1. Our results demonstrate that IpaD triggers apoptosis in macrophages through activation of host caspases accompanied by mitochondrial disruption. Additionally, we found that the IpaD N-terminal domain is necessary for macrophage killing and SipD, a structural homologue from Salmonella, was found to promote similar cytotoxicity. Together, these findings indicate that IpaD is a contributing factor to macrophage cell death during Shigella infection. Twit Text FOAVip Macrophage Apoptosis Triggered by IpaD from Shigella flexneri ????Infect Immun http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=27068089 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=27068089 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|27068089}}</ref> Macrophage Apoptosis Triggered by IpaD from Shigella flexneri #MMPMID27068089 Arizmendi O; Picking WD; Picking WL Infect Immun 2016[Jun]; 84 (6): 1857-65 PMID27068089show ga Shigellosis, a potentially severe bacillary dysentery, is an infectious gastrointestinal disease caused by Shigella spp. Shigella invades the human colonic epithelium and avoids clearance by promoting apoptosis of resident immune cells in the gut. This process is dependent on the Shigella type III secretion system (T3SS), which injects effector proteins into target cells to alter their normal cellular functions. Invasion plasmid antigen D (IpaD) is a structural component that forms a complex at the tip of the T3SS apparatus needle. Recently, IpaD has also been shown to indirectly induce apoptosis in B lymphocytes. In this study, we explored the cytotoxicity profile during macrophage infection by Shigella and discovered that the pathogen induces macrophage cell death independent of caspase-1. Our results demonstrate that IpaD triggers apoptosis in macrophages through activation of host caspases accompanied by mitochondrial disruption. Additionally, we found that the IpaD N-terminal domain is necessary for macrophage killing and SipD, a structural homologue from Salmonella, was found to promote similar cytotoxicity. Together, these findings indicate that IpaD is a contributing factor to macrophage cell death during Shigella infection. äMacrophage Apoptosis Triggered by IpaD from Shigella flexneri (epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing