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2016 ; 7
(ä): 11786
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Genetic dissection of mammalian ERAD through comparative haploid and CRISPR
forward genetic screens
#MMPMID27283361
Timms RT
; Menzies SA
; Tchasovnikarova IA
; Christensen LC
; Williamson JC
; Antrobus R
; Dougan G
; Ellgaard L
; Lehner PJ
Nat Commun
2016[Jun]; 7
(ä): 11786
PMID27283361
show ga
The application of forward genetic screens to cultured human cells represents a
powerful method to study gene function. The repurposing of the bacterial
CRISPR/Cas9 system provides an effective method to disrupt gene function in
mammalian cells, and has been applied to genome-wide screens. Here, we compare
the efficacy of genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9-mediated forward genetic screens versus
gene-trap mutagenesis screens in haploid human cells, which represent the
existing 'gold standard' method. This head-to-head comparison aimed to identify
genes required for the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) of MHC
class I molecules. The two approaches show high concordance (>70%), successfully
identifying the majority of the known components of the canonical glycoprotein
ERAD pathway. Both screens also identify a role for the uncharacterized gene
TXNDC11, which we show encodes an EDEM2/3-associated disulphide reductase.
Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9-mediated screens together with haploid genetic screens
provide a powerful addition to the forward genetic toolbox.