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2014 ; 46
(1
): 8-17
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Invasive and non-invasive techniques for detecting portal hypertension and
predicting variceal bleeding in cirrhosis: a review
#MMPMID24328372
Zardi EM
; Di Matteo FM
; Pacella CM
; Sanyal AJ
Ann Med
2014[Feb]; 46
(1
): 8-17
PMID24328372
show ga
Portal hypertension is a severe syndrome that may derive from pre-sinusoidal,
sinusoidal, and post-sinusoidal causes. As a consequence, several complications
(i.e. ascites, oesophageal varices) may develop. In sinusoidal portal
hypertension, hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) is a reliable method for
defining the grade of portal pressure, establishing the effectiveness of the
treatment, and predicting the occurrence of complications; however, some
questions exist regarding its ability to discriminate bleeding from non-bleeding
varices in cirrhotic patients. Other imaging techniques (transient elastography,
endoscopy, endosonography, and duplex Doppler sonography) for assessing causes
and complications of portal hypertensive syndrome are available and may be
valuable for the management of these patients. In this review, we evaluate
invasive and non-invasive techniques currently employed to obtain a clinical
prediction of deadly complications, such as variceal bleeding in patients
affected by sinusoidal portal hypertension, in order to create a diagnostic
algorithm to manage them. Again, HVPG appears to be the reference standard to
evaluate portal hypertension and monitor the response to treatment, but its
ability to predict several complications and support management decisions might
be further improved through the diagnostic combination with other imaging
techniques.