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.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 Int+J+Emerg+Med
2016 ; 9
(1
): 16
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
Twit Text FOAVip
Twit Text #
English Wikipedia
An innovative safe anesthesia and analgesia package for emergency pediatric
procedures and surgeries when no anesthetist is available
#MMPMID27286891
Schwartz KR
; Fredricks K
; Al Tawil Z
; Kandler T
; Odenyo SA
; Imbamba J
; Nelson BD
; Burke TF
Int J Emerg Med
2016[Dec]; 9
(1
): 16
PMID27286891
show ga
BACKGROUND: Adequate pain control through sedation and anesthesia for emergency
procedures is a crucial aspect of pediatric emergency care. Resources for
administering such anesthesia are extremely limited in many low-income settings.
METHODS: Non-anesthetist providers in Western Kenya were trained in the use of a
ketamine-based sedation and anesthesia package for non-anesthetists, Every Second
Matters for Mothers and Babies-Ketamine? (ESM-Ketamine). Data on use and safety
of this package for emergent and urgent pediatric procedures was collected.
Providers were surveyed as to what they would have done for similar procedures if
the ESM-Ketamine package were unavailable. RESULTS: Ninety procedures were
completed for 77 pediatric patients utilizing the ESM-Ketamine package. Of these,
29 (32.2 %) cases were orthopedic reductions, 19 (21.1 %) were incision and
drainage, and 19 (21.1 %) were debridement and irrigation of burns. Remaining
cases included cesarean section, repair of perineal tear, foreign body removal,
arthrocentesis, laceration repair, exploratory laparotomy, excision of mass,
paracentesis, and circumcision. There were no serious adverse events in any of
the cases, 17 % experienced minor adverse events including hypersalivation,
hallucinations, or brief, self-resolving, oxygen desaturations. Providers were
surveyed for 80 of the 90 cases as to what they would have done in the absence of
the ESM-Ketamine package: in 26 cases (32.5 %), they reported they would proceed
with the procedure without any anesthesia or analgesia; in 15 (18.75 %), they
reported they would significantly delay the procedure while waiting for an
anesthetist; in 13 (16.25 %), they reported they would attempt referral to
another facility; and in 26 (32.5 %), they reported they would try using an
alternate form of analgesia, primarily acetaminophen, ibuprofen, diclofenac,
and/or diazepam. All surveyed providers reported they would use the ESM-Ketamine
package again in similar cases. CONCLUSIONS: The ESM-Ketamine package, through
the use of a simplified protocol and checklist, allows for safe analgesia and
anesthesia in children by non-anesthetists in a resource-limited setting for
selected emergent and urgent procedures. This package addresses a significant gap
in the availability of anesthesia services in low-income settings that would
otherwise result in significant delays to procedures or proceeding with painful
procedures with inadequate analgesia.