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2016 ; 11
(6
): e0156840
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Subtle Ecological Gradient in the Tropics Triggers High Species-Turnover in a
Local Geographical Scale
#MMPMID27276228
Nguyen DT
; Gómez-Zurita J
PLoS One
2016[]; 11
(6
): e0156840
PMID27276228
show ga
Our perception of diversity, including both alpha- and beta-diversity components,
depends on spatial scale. Studies of spatial variation of the latter are just
starting, with a paucity of research on beta-diversity patterns at smaller
scales. Understanding these patterns and the processes shaping the distribution
of diversity is critical to describe this diversity, but it is paramount in
conservation too. Here, we investigate the diversity and structure of a tropical
community of herbivorous beetles at a reduced local scale of some 10 km2,
evaluating the effect of a small, gradual ecological change on this structure. We
sampled leaf beetles in the Núi Chúa National Park (S Vietnam), studying changes
in alpha- and beta-diversity across an elevation gradient up to 500 m,
encompassing the ecotone between critically endangered lowland dry deciduous
forest and mixed evergreen forest at higher elevations. Leaf beetle diversity was
assessed using several molecular tree-based species delimitation approaches (with
mtDNA cox1 data), species richness using rarefaction and incidence-based
diversity indexes, and beta-diversity was investigated decomposing the
contribution of species turnover and nestedness. We documented 155 species in the
area explored and species-richness estimates 1.5-2.0x higher. Species diversity
was similar in both forest types and changes in alpha-diversity along the
elevation gradient showed an expected local increase of diversity in the ecotone.
Beta-diversity was high among forest paths (average Sørensen's dissimilarity =
0.694) and, tentatively fixing at 300 m the boundary between otherwise continuous
biomes, demonstrated similarly high beta-diversity (Sørensen's dissimilarity =
0.581), with samples clustering according to biome/elevation. Highly relevant
considering the local scale of the study, beta-diversity had a high contribution
of species replacement among locales (54.8%) and between biomes (79.6%),
suggesting environmental heterogeneity as the dominant force shaping diversity at
such small scale, directly and indirectly on the plant communities. Protection
actions in the Park, especially these addressed at the imperative conservation of
dry forest, must ponder the small scale at which processes shape species
diversity and community structure for inconspicuous, yet extraordinarily diverse
organisms such as the leaf beetles.