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10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.03.007 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.03.007 C4897776!4897776!26965987     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Biochim+Biophys+Acta 2016 ; 1858 (6): 1362-72 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=26965987|t=2016. The ionization properties of cardiolipin and its variants in model bilayers |pdf=|usr=}}{{26965987}} gab.com Text The ionization properties of cardiolipin and its variants in model bilayers JO: Biochim Biophys Acta http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26965987 #FOAvip The anionic phospholipid cardiolipin has an unusual dimeric structure with a two-phosphate headgroup and four acyl chains. Cardiolipin is present in energy-transducing membranes that maintain electrochemical gradients, including most bacterial plasma membranes and the mitochondrial inner membrane, where it mediates respiratory complex assembly and activation, among many other roles. Dysfunctional biogenesis of cardiolipin is implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases including Barth syndrome. Because cardiolipin is a dominant anionic lipid in energy-conserving membranes, its headgroup is a major contributor to surface charge density and the bilayer electrostatic profile. However, the proton dissociation behavior of its headgroup remains controversial. In one model, the pKa values of the phosphates differ by several units and the headgroup exists as a monoanion at physiological pH. In another model, both phosphates ionize as strong acids with low pKa values and the headgroup exists in dianionic form at physiological pH. Using independent electrokinetic and spectroscopic approaches, coupled with analysis using Gouy?Chapman?Stern formalism, we have analyzed the ionization properties of cardiolipin within biologically relevant lipid bilayer model systems. We show that both phosphates of the cardiolipin headgroup show strong ionization behavior with low pKa values. Moreover, cardiolipin variants lacking structural features proposed to be required to maintain disparate pKa values ? namely the secondary hydroxyl on the central glycerol or a full complement of four acyl chains ? were shown to have ionization behavior identical to intact cardiolipin. Hence, these results indicate that within the physiological pH range, the cardiolipin headgroup is fully ionized as a dianion. We discuss the implications of these results with respect to the role of cardiolipin in defining membrane surface potential, activating respiratory complexes, and modulating membrane curvature. Twit Text FOAVip The ionization properties of cardiolipin and its variants in model bilayers ????Biochim Biophys Acta http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26965987 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26965987 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|26965987}}</ref> The ionization properties of cardiolipin and its variants in model bilayers #MMPMID26965987 Sathappa M; Alder NN Biochim Biophys Acta 2016[Jun]; 1858 (6): 1362-72 PMID26965987show ga The anionic phospholipid cardiolipin has an unusual dimeric structure with a two-phosphate headgroup and four acyl chains. Cardiolipin is present in energy-transducing membranes that maintain electrochemical gradients, including most bacterial plasma membranes and the mitochondrial inner membrane, where it mediates respiratory complex assembly and activation, among many other roles. Dysfunctional biogenesis of cardiolipin is implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases including Barth syndrome. Because cardiolipin is a dominant anionic lipid in energy-conserving membranes, its headgroup is a major contributor to surface charge density and the bilayer electrostatic profile. However, the proton dissociation behavior of its headgroup remains controversial. In one model, the pKa values of the phosphates differ by several units and the headgroup exists as a monoanion at physiological pH. In another model, both phosphates ionize as strong acids with low pKa values and the headgroup exists in dianionic form at physiological pH. Using independent electrokinetic and spectroscopic approaches, coupled with analysis using Gouy?Chapman?Stern formalism, we have analyzed the ionization properties of cardiolipin within biologically relevant lipid bilayer model systems. We show that both phosphates of the cardiolipin headgroup show strong ionization behavior with low pKa values. Moreover, cardiolipin variants lacking structural features proposed to be required to maintain disparate pKa values ? namely the secondary hydroxyl on the central glycerol or a full complement of four acyl chains ? were shown to have ionization behavior identical to intact cardiolipin. Hence, these results indicate that within the physiological pH range, the cardiolipin headgroup is fully ionized as a dianion. We discuss the implications of these results with respect to the role of cardiolipin in defining membrane surface potential, activating respiratory complexes, and modulating membrane curvature. äThe ionization properties of cardiolipin and its variants in model bil(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing