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2016 ; 6
(5
): ä Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
Twit Text FOAVip
Twit Text #
English Wikipedia
NADPH oxidases as electrochemical generators to produce ion fluxes and turgor in
fungi, plants and humans
#MMPMID27249799
Segal AW
Open Biol
2016[May]; 6
(5
): ä PMID27249799
show ga
The NOXs are a family of flavocytochromes whose basic structure has been largely
conserved from algae to man. This is a very simple system. NADPH is generally
available, in plants it is a direct product of photosynthesis, and oxygen is a
largely ubiquitous electron acceptor, and the electron-transporting core of an
FAD and two haems is the minimal required to pass electrons across the plasma
membrane. These NOXs have been shown to be essential for diverse functions
throughout the biological world and, lacking a clear mechanism of action, their
effects have generally been attributed to free radical reactions. Investigation
into the function of neutrophil leucocytes has demonstrated that electron
transport through the prototype NOX2 is accompanied by the generation of a charge
across the membrane that provides the driving force propelling protons and other
ions across the plasma membrane. The contention is that the primary function of
the NOXs is to supply the driving force to transport ions, the nature of which
will depend upon the composition and characteristics of the local ion channels,
to undertake a host of diverse functions. These include the generation of turgor
in fungi and plants for the growth of filaments and invasion by appressoria in
the former, and extension of pollen tubes and root hairs, and stomatal closure,
in the latter. In neutrophils, they elevate the pH in the phagocytic vacuole
coupled to other ion fluxes. In endothelial cells of blood vessels, they could
alter luminal volume to regulate blood pressure and tissue perfusion.