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The efficacy of thuricin CD, tigecycline, vancomycin, teicoplanin, rifampicin and
nitazoxanide, independently and in paired combinations against Clostridium
difficile biofilms and planktonic cells
#MMPMID27257437
Mathur H
; Rea MC
; Cotter PD
; Hill C
; Ross RP
Gut Pathog
2016[]; 8
(?): 20
PMID27257437
show ga
BACKGROUND: Thuricin CD is a two-component antimicrobial, belonging to the
recently designated sactibiotic subclass of bacteriocins. The aim of this study
was to investigate the effects of thuricin CD, as well as the antibiotics,
tigecycline, vancomycin, teicoplanin, rifampicin and nitazoxanide when used
independently and when combined at low concentrations on the viability of
Clostridium difficile 20291 R027, TL178 R002, Liv022 R106, DPC6350 and VPI10463
biofilms and planktonic cells. RESULTS: On the basis of XTT
(2,3-bis[2-methyloxy-4-nitro-5-sulphophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide)-menadione
biofilm viability assays, we found that thuricin CD was effective against
biofilms of R027, Liv022 R106 and DPC6350 when used independently while
nitazoxanide and rifampicin were also potent against biofilms of R027 and
DPC6350, when applied on their own. Tigecycline was found to be effective against
R027 and DPC6350 biofilms, whereas teicoplanin and vancomycin when used
independently were only effective against DPC6350 biofilms. The efficacies of the
antibiotics rifampicin, tigecycline, vancomycin and teicoplanin against C.
difficile 20291 R027 biofilms were significantly potentiated when combined with
thuricin CD, indicating effective antimicrobial combinations with this
sactibiotic against R027 biofilms. However, the potency of nitazoxanide against
R027 biofilms was significantly diminished when combined with thuricin CD,
indicating an ineffective combination with this sactibiotic against R027
biofilms. Paired combinations of thuricin CD along with these five antibiotics
were effective at diminishing the viability of DPC6350 biofilms. However, such
combinations were largely ineffective against biofilms of TL178 R002, Liv022 R106
and VPI10463. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study
to highlight the activity of a sactibiotic bacteriocin against biofilms and the
first to reveal the potency of the antibiotics tigecycline, teicoplanin and
nitazoxanide against C. difficile biofilms. On the basis of this study, it is
apparent that different strains of C. difficile possess varying abilities to form
biofilms and that the sensitivities of these biofilms to different antimicrobials
and antimicrobial combinations are strain-dependent. Since the formation of
relatively strong biofilms by certain C. difficile strains may contribute to
increased cases of antibiotic resistance and recurrence and relapse of C.
difficile infection, the findings presented in this study could provide
alternative strategies to target this pathogen.
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