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2016 ; 7
(ä): 216
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Regulatory T-Cell-Mediated Suppression of Conventional T-Cells and Dendritic
Cells by Different cAMP Intracellular Pathways
#MMPMID27313580
Rueda CM
; Jackson CM
; Chougnet CA
Front Immunol
2016[]; 7
(ä): 216
PMID27313580
show ga
Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) mediate their suppressive action by acting directly on
conventional T-cells (Tcons) or dendritic cells (DCs). One mechanism of Treg
suppression is the increase of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) levels
in target cells. Tregs utilize cAMP to control Tcon responses, such as
proliferation and cytokine production. Tregs also exert their suppression on DCs,
diminishing DC immunogenicity by downmodulating the expression of costimulatory
molecules and actin polymerization at the immunological synapse. The
Treg-mediated usage of cAMP occurs through two major mechanisms. The first
involves the Treg-mediated influx of cAMP in target cells through gap junctions.
The second is the conversion of adenosine triphosphate into adenosine by the
ectonucleases CD39 and CD73 present on the surface of Tregs. Adenosine then binds
to receptors on the surface of target cells, leading to increased intracellular
cAMP levels in these targets. Downstream, cAMP can activate the canonical protein
kinase A?(PKA) pathway and the exchange protein activated by cyclic AMP (EPAC)
non-canonical pathway. In this review, we discuss the most recent findings
related to cAMP activation of PKA and EPAC, which are implicated in Treg
homeostasis as well as the functional alterations induced by cAMP in cellular
targets of Treg suppression.