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10.1007/s40259-014-0111-4

http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1007/s40259-014-0111-4
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C4888066!4888066!25445176
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suck abstract from ncbi


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pmid25445176      BioDrugs 2014 ; 28 (6): 513-26
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  • Harnessing the PD-1 Pathway in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Current Evidence and Future Directions #MMPMID25445176
  • Tripathi A; Drake CG; Harshman LC
  • BioDrugs 2014[Dec]; 28 (6): 513-26 PMID25445176show ga
  • Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) is a recognized immune checkpoint. It is frequently upregulated on the T cells that infiltrate tumors, providing an inhibitory signal, which may facilitate immune escape. Blocking antibodies have been developed to interrupt the interaction of PD-1 with its ligands PD-L1/PD-L2, with the goal of increasing the host antitumor immune response. Initial results have been encouraging, with durable responses in both treatment-naive and pretreated patients, along with an acceptable toxicity profile. This tolerability makes PD-1 blockade an excellent potential partner for combination strategies with the approved targeted agents, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) antibodies, as well as other investigational immune checkpoint inhibitors or agonist antibodies that may costimulate an immune response. PD-L1 expression on tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells is also being evaluated as a predictive biomarker of response to treatment. This review summarizes the biological basis, preclinical studies, ongoing trials, and future challenges associated with targeting the PD-1 pathway in renal cell carcinoma.
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