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2016 ; 11
(ä): 2279-304
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English Wikipedia
Ethosomal nanocarriers: the impact of constituents and formulation techniques on
ethosomal properties, in vivo studies, and clinical trials
#MMPMID27307730
Abdulbaqi IM
; Darwis Y
; Khan NA
; Assi RA
; Khan AA
Int J Nanomedicine
2016[]; 11
(ä): 2279-304
PMID27307730
show ga
Ethosomal systems are novel lipid vesicular carriers containing a relatively high
percentage of ethanol. These nanocarriers are especially designed for the
efficient delivery of therapeutic agents with different physicochemical
properties into deep skin layers and across the skin. Ethosomes have undergone
extensive research since they were invented in 1996; new compounds were added to
their initial formula, which led to the production of new types of ethosomal
systems. Different preparation techniques are used in the preparation of these
novel carriers. For ease of application and stability, ethosomal dispersions are
incorporated into gels, patches, and creams. Highly diverse in vivo models are
used to evaluate their efficacy in dermal/transdermal delivery, in addition to
clinical trials. This article provides a detailed review of the ethosomal systems
and categorizes them on the basis of their constituents to classical ethosomes,
binary ethosomes, and transethosomes. The differences among these systems are
discussed from several perspectives, including the formulation, size, ?-potential
(zeta potential), entrapment efficiency, skin-permeation properties, and
stability. This paper gives a detailed review on the effects of ethosomal system
constituents, preparation methods, and their significant roles in determining the
final properties of these nanocarriers. Furthermore, the novel pharmaceutical
dosage forms of ethosomal gels, patches, and creams are highlighted. The article
also provides detailed information regarding the in vivo studies and clinical
trials conducted for the evaluation of these vesicular systems.