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2016 ; 6
(ä): 26991
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Aerobic Exercise and Pharmacological Treatments Counteract Cachexia by Modulating
Autophagy in Colon Cancer
#MMPMID27244599
Pigna E
; Berardi E
; Aulino P
; Rizzuto E
; Zampieri S
; Carraro U
; Kern H
; Merigliano S
; Gruppo M
; Mericskay M
; Li Z
; Rocchi M
; Barone R
; Macaluso F
; Di Felice V
; Adamo S
; Coletti D
; Moresi V
Sci Rep
2016[May]; 6
(ä): 26991
PMID27244599
show ga
Recent studies have correlated physical activity with a better prognosis in
cachectic patients, although the underlying mechanisms are not yet understood. In
order to identify the pathways involved in the physical activity-mediated rescue
of skeletal muscle mass and function, we investigated the effects of voluntary
exercise on cachexia in colon carcinoma (C26)-bearing mice. Voluntary exercise
prevented loss of muscle mass and function, ultimately increasing survival of
C26-bearing mice. We found that the autophagic flux is overloaded in skeletal
muscle of both colon carcinoma murine models and patients, but not in running
C26-bearing mice, thus suggesting that exercise may release the autophagic flux
and ultimately rescue muscle homeostasis. Treatment of C26-bearing mice with
either AICAR or rapamycin, two drugs that trigger the autophagic flux, also
rescued muscle mass and prevented atrogene induction. Similar effects were
reproduced on myotubes in vitro, which displayed atrophy following exposure to
C26-conditioned medium, a phenomenon that was rescued by AICAR or rapamycin
treatment and relies on autophagosome-lysosome fusion (inhibited by chloroquine).
Since AICAR, rapamycin and exercise equally affect the autophagic system and
counteract cachexia, we believe autophagy-triggering drugs may be exploited to
treat cachexia in conditions in which exercise cannot be prescribed.