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2016 ; 7
(ä): 783
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
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English Wikipedia
Capturing One of the Human Gut Microbiome s Most Wanted: Reconstructing the
Genome of a Novel Butyrate-Producing, Clostridial Scavenger from Metagenomic
Sequence Data
#MMPMID27303377
Jeraldo P
; Hernandez A
; Nielsen HB
; Chen X
; White BA
; Goldenfeld N
; Nelson H
; Alhquist D
; Boardman L
; Chia N
Front Microbiol
2016[]; 7
(ä): 783
PMID27303377
show ga
The role of the microbiome in health and disease is attracting great attention,
yet we still know little about some of the most prevalent microorganisms inside
our bodies. Several years ago, Human Microbiome Project (HMP) researchers
generated a list of "most wanted" taxa: bacteria both prevalent among healthy
volunteers and distantly related to any sequenced organisms. Unfortunately, the
challenge of assembling high-quality genomes from a tangle of metagenomic reads
has slowed progress in learning about these uncultured bacteria. Here, we
describe how recent advances in sequencing and analysis allowed us to assemble
"most wanted" genomes from metagenomic data collected from four stool samples.
Using a combination of both de novo and guided assembly methods, we assembled and
binned over 100 genomes from an initial data set of over 1,300 Gbp. One of these
genome bins, which met HMP's criteria for a "most wanted" taxa, contained three
essentially complete genomes belonging to a previously uncultivated species. This
species is most closely related to Eubacterium desmolans and the clostridial
cluster IV/Clostridium leptum subgroup species Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum
(71-76% average nucleotide identity). Gene function analysis indicates that the
species is an obligate anaerobe, forms spores, and produces the anti-inflammatory
short-chain fatty acids acetate and butyrate. It also appears to take up
metabolically costly molecules such as cobalamin, methionine, and branch-chained
amino acids from the environment, and to lack virulence genes. Thus, the evidence
is consistent with a secondary degrader that occupies a host-dependent,
nutrient-scavenging niche within the gut; its ability to produce butyrate, which
is thought to play an anti-inflammatory role, makes it intriguing for the study
of diseases such as colon cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. In conclusion,
we have assembled essentially complete genomes from stool metagenomic data,
yielding valuable information about uncultured organisms' metabolic and ecologic
niches, factors that may be required to successfully culture these bacteria, and
their role in maintaining health and causing disease.