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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Ann+Biomed+Eng 2016 ; 44 (6): 2062-75 Nephropedia Template TP
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Osteoarthritis: Pathology, mouse models, and nanoparticle injectable systems for targeted treatment #MMPMID27044450
Holyoak DT; Tian YF; van der Meulen MC; Singh A
Ann Biomed Eng 2016[Jun]; 44 (6): 2062-75 PMID27044450show ga
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive, degenerative disease of articulating joints that not only affects the elderly, but also involves younger, more active individuals with prolonged participation in high physical-demand activities. Thus, effective therapies that are easy to adopt clinically are critical in limiting the societal burden associated with OA. This review is focused on intra-articular injectable regimens and provides a comprehensive look at existing in vivo models of OA that might be suitable for developing, testing, and finding a cure for OA by intra-articular injections. We first discuss the pathology, molecular mechanisms responsible for the initiation and progression of OA, and challenges associated with disease-specific targeting of OA. We proceed to discuss available animal models of OA and provide a detailed perspective on the use of mouse models in studies of experimental OA. We finally provide a closer look at intra-articular injectable treatments for OA, focusing on biomaterials-based nanoparticles, and provide a comprehensive overview of the various nanometer-size ranges studied.