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2016 ; 6
(ä): 26073
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A first report of hydroxylated apatite as structural biomineral in Loasaceae -
plants teeth against herbivores
#MMPMID27194462
Ensikat HJ
; Geisler T
; Weigend M
Sci Rep
2016[May]; 6
(ä): 26073
PMID27194462
show ga
Biomineralization provides living organisms with various materials for the
formation of resilient structures. Calcium phosphate is the main component of
teeth and bones in vertebrates, whereas especially silica serves for the
protection against herbivores on many plant surfaces. Functional calcium
phosphate structures are well-known from the animal kingdom, but had not so far
been reported from higher plants. Here, we document the occurrence of calcium
phosphate biomineralization in the South-American plant group Loasaceae (rock
nettle family), which have stinging trichomes similar to those of the well-known
stinging nettles (Urtica). Stinging hairs and the smaller, glochidiate trichomes
contained nanocrystalline hydroxylated apatite, especially in their distal
portions, replacing the silica found in analogous structures of other flowering
plants. This could be demonstrated by chemical, spectroscopic, and diffraction
analyses. Some species of Loasaceae contained both calcium phosphate and silica
in addition to calcium carbonate. The intriguing discovery of structural
hydroxylated apatite in plants invites further studies, e.g., on its systematic
distribution across the family, the genetic and cellular control of plant
biomineralization, the properties and ultrastructure of calcium phosphate. It may
prove the starting point for the development of biomimetic calcium phosphate
composites based on a cellulose matrix.