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2016 ; 44
(5
): 1102-13
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Aire Enforces Immune Tolerance by Directing Autoreactive T Cells into the
Regulatory T Cell Lineage
#MMPMID27130899
Malchow S
; Leventhal DS
; Lee V
; Nishi S
; Socci ND
; Savage PA
Immunity
2016[May]; 44
(5
): 1102-13
PMID27130899
show ga
The promiscuous expression of tissue-restricted antigens in the thymus, driven in
part by autoimmune regulator (Aire), is critical for the protection of peripheral
tissues from autoimmune attack. Aire-dependent processes are thought to promote
both clonal deletion and the development of Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells,
suggesting that autoimmunity associated with Aire deficiency results from two
failed tolerance mechanisms. Here, examination of autoimmune lesions in Aire(-/-)
mice revealed an unexpected third possibility. We found that the predominant
conventional T cell clonotypes infiltrating target lesions express antigen
receptors that were preferentially expressed by Foxp3(+) Treg cells in Aire(+/+)
mice. Thus, Aire enforces immune tolerance by ensuring that distinct autoreactive
T cell specificities differentiate into the Treg cell lineage; dysregulation of
this process results in the diversion of Treg cell-biased clonotypes into
pathogenic conventional T cells.