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2016 ; 11
(5
): e0150887
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
Twit Text FOAVip
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English Wikipedia
Mass Extinction and the Disappearance of Unknown Mammal Species: Scenario and
Perspectives of a Biodiversity Hotspot s Hotspot
#MMPMID27191719
Mendes Pontes AR
; Beltrão AC
; Normande IC
; Malta Ade J
; Silva Júnior AP
; Santos AM
PLoS One
2016[]; 11
(5
): e0150887
PMID27191719
show ga
We aimed to determine the conservation status of medium- and large-sized mammals
and evaluate the impact of 500 years of forest fragmentation on this group of
animals in the Pernambuco Endemism Center, in the biogeographical zone of the
Atlantic forest north of the São Francisco River in northeastern Brazil. Line
transect surveys were performed in 21 forest fragments, resulting in a checklist
of the mammals of the entire Pernambuco Endemism Center area. We ran a
generalized linear model (Factorial ANCOVA) to analyze to what extent the
vegetation type, fragment area, isolation, sampling effort (as total kilometers
walked), or higher-order interactions predicted (a) richness and (b) sighting
rates. To determine if the distribution of the species within the forest
fragments exhibited a nested pattern, we used the NODF metric. Subsequently, we
performed a Binomial Logistic Regression to predict the probability of
encountering each species according to fragment size. Out of 38 medium- and
large-sized mammal species formerly occurring in the study area, only 53.8% (n =
21) were sighted. No fragment hosted the entire remaining mammal community, and
only four species (19%) occurred in very small fragments (73.3% of the remaining
forest fragments, with a mean size of 2.8 ha). The mammalian community was highly
simplified, with all large mammals being regionally extinct. Neither the species
richness nor sighting rate was controlled by the vegetation type, the area of the
forest fragments, isolation or any higher-order interaction. Although a highly
significant nested subset pattern was detected, it was not related to the ranking
of the area of forest fragments or isolation. The probability of the occurrence
of a mammal species in a given forest patch varied unpredictably, and the
probability of detecting larger species was even observed to decrease with
increasing patch size. In an ongoing process of mass extinction, half of the
studied mammals have gone extinct. The remaining medium-sized mammal community is
highly simplified and homogenized. The persistence of these species in a forest
patch is determined by their ability to adapt to a novel simplified diet, the
efficient use of the surrounding matrix without being engulfed by the sink
effect, and escaping hunting. Our results suggest that the 21st century
medium-sized mammalian fauna of this region will comprise only four species
unless strict conservation measures are implemented immediately and every forest
fragment is effectively protected.