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2016 ; 11
(5
): e0155685
Nephropedia Template TP
PLoS One
2016[]; 11
(5
): e0155685
PMID27191593
show ga
Human neutrophils have been known to release neutrophil extracellular traps
(NETs), antimicrobial DNA structures capable of capturing and killing microbes.
Recently, a similar phenomenon has been reported in macrophages infected with
various pathogens. However, a role for macrophages extracellular traps (METs) in
host defense responses against Mycobacterium massiliense (M. mass) has yet to be
described. In this study, we show that M. mass, a rapid growing mycobacterium
(RGM), also induces the release of METs from PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells.
Intriguingly, this process is not dependent on NADPH oxidase activity, which
regulates NET formation. Instead, M. mass-induced MET formation partially depends
on calcium influx and requires phagocytosis of high bacterial load. The METs
consist of a DNA backbone embedded with microbicidal proteins such as histone,
MPO and elastase. Released METs entrap M. mass and prevent their dissemination,
but do not have bactericidal activity. Instead, they result in enhanced bacterial
growth. In this regard, METs were considered to provide interaction of M. mass
with cells and an environment for bacterial aggregation, which may facilitate
mycobacterial survival and growth. In conclusion, our results demonstrate METs as
an innate defense response against M. mass infection, and suggest that
extracellular traps play a multifaceted role in the interplay between host and
bacteria.
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