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2016 ; 10
(5
): 663-76
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The transcription factors Slug (SNAI2) and Snail (SNAI1) regulate phospholipase D
(PLD) promoter in opposite ways towards cancer cell invasion
#MMPMID26781944
Ganesan R
; Mallets E
; Gomez-Cambronero J
Mol Oncol
2016[May]; 10
(5
): 663-76
PMID26781944
show ga
Slug (SNAI2) and Snail (SNAI1) are master regulatory transcription factors for
organogenesis and wound healing, and they are involved in the epithelial to
mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells. We found that the activity of
phospholipase D isoform 2 (PLD2) is highly increased in cancers with larger size
and poor prognosis (MDA-MB-231 versus MCF-7 cells), so we determined if Snail or
Slug were responsible for PLD2 gene transcription regulation. Unexpectedly, we
found that PLD2 expression was positively regulated by Slug but negatively
regulated by Snail. The differential effects are amplified in breast cancer cells
over normal cells and with MDA-MB-231 more robustly than MCF-7. Slug putatively
binds to the PLD2 promoter and transactivates it, which is negated when Slug and
Snail compete with each other. Meanwhile, PLD2 has a negative effect on Snail
expression and a positive effect on Slug, thus closing a feedback loop between
the lipase and the transcription factors. Further, PA, the product of PLD2
enzymatic reaction, has profound effects on its own and it further regulates the
transcription factors. Thus, we show for the first time that the overexpressed
PLD2 in human breast tumors is regulated by Slug and Snail transcription factors.
The newly uncovered feedback loops in highly invasive cancer cells have important
implications in the process of EMT.