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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 296.79999999999995 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 J+Am+Coll+Cardiol 2011 ; 57 (17): 1752-61 Nephropedia Template TP
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The Outcome of Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL)-positive Subclinical Acute Kidney Injury: A Multicenter Pooled Analysis of Prospective Studies #MMPMID21511111
J Am Coll Cardiol 2011[Apr]; 57 (17): 1752-61 PMID21511111show ga
Objectives: To test the hypothesis that, without diagnostic changes in serum creatinine, increased NGAL levels identify patients with subclinical acute kidney injury (AKI) and, therefore, worse prognosis. Background: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) detects subclinical AKI hours to days before increases in serum creatinine indicate manifest loss of renal function. Methods: We analyzed pooled data from 2,322 patients with cardiorenal syndrome type 1 from ten prospective observational studies of NGAL. We used the terms NGAL(?) or NGAL(+) according to study-specific NGAL cut-off for optimal AKI prediction and the terms sCREA(?) or sCREA(+) to consensus diagnostic increases in serum creatinine defining AKI. A-priori-defined outcomes included need for renal replacement therapy (primary endpoint), hospital mortality, their combination and duration of stay in intensive care and in-hospital. Results: Of study patients, 1,296 (55.8%) were NGAL(?)/sCREA(?), 445 (19.2%) NGAL(+)/sCREA(?), 107 (4.6%) NGAL(?)/sCREA(+) and 474 (20.4%) NGAL(+)/sCREA(+). According to the four study groups, there was a stepwise increase in subsequent renal replacement therapy initiation, (NGAL(?)/sCREA(?): 0.0015% vs. NGAL(+)/sCREA(?): 2.5% [odds ratio 16.4, 95% CI 3.6?76.9, P<0.001], NGAL(?)/sCREA(+): 7.5% and NGAL(?)/sCREA(?): 8.0%, respectively), hospital mortality (4.8%, 12.4%, 8.4%, 14.7%, respectively) and their combination (four-group comparisons: all P<0.001). There was a similar and consistent progressive increase in median number of intensive care and in-hospital days with increasing biomarker positivity: NGAL(?)/sCREA(?): 4.2 and 8.8 days; NGAL(+)/sCREA(?): 7.1 and 17.0 days; NGAL(?)/sCREA(+): 6.5 and 17.8 days; NGAL(+)/sCREA(+): 9.0 and 21.9 days; four-group comparisons: P=0.003 and P=0.040, respectively. Urine and plasma NGAL indicated a similar outcome pattern. Conclusions: In the absence of diagnostic increases in serum creatinine, NGAL detects patients with subclinical AKI who have an increased risk of adverse outcomes. The concept and definition of AKI may need re-assessment.