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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Gastroenterol+Hepatol+(N+Y) 2016 ; 12 (2): 91-100 Nephropedia Template TP
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Contemporary Understanding and Management of Overt and Covert Hepatic Encephalopathy #MMPMID27182210
NeSmith M; Ahn J; Flamm SL
Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) 2016[Feb]; 12 (2): 91-100 PMID27182210show ga
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a major complication of liver disease that leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Caring for hospitalized patients with HE is becoming more complex, and the economic burden of HE continues to rise. Defining and diagnosing HE, particularly covert HE (CHE), remain challenging. In this article, we review new tools and those currently under development for the diagnosis of CHE and the latest advances in the acute and long-term management of overt HE (OHE) and CHE. In particular, we review the latest data on the use of lactulose and rifaximin for treatment of OHE and summarize the data on adjunctive agents such as sodium benzoate and probiotics.