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2016 ; 67
(9
): 2573-86
Nephropedia Template TP
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Awns reduce grain number to increase grain size and harvestable yield in
irrigated and rainfed spring wheat
#MMPMID26976817
Rebetzke GJ
; Bonnett DG
; Reynolds MP
J Exp Bot
2016[Apr]; 67
(9
): 2573-86
PMID26976817
show ga
Genotypic variation in ear morphology is linked to differences in photosynthetic
potential to influence grain yield in winter cereals. Awns contribute to
photosynthesis, particularly under water-limited conditions when canopy
assimilation is restricted. We assessed performance of up to 45
backcross-derived, awned-awnletted NILs representing four diverse genetic
backgrounds in 25 irrigated or rainfed, and droughted environments in Australia
and Mexico. Mean environment grain yields were wide-ranging (1.38-7.93 t ha(-1))
with vegetative and maturity biomass, plant height, anthesis date, spike number,
and harvest index all similar (P >0.05) for awned and awnletted NILs. Overall,
grain yields of awned-awnletted sister-NILs were equivalent, irrespective of
yield potential and genetic background. Awnletted wheats produced significantly
more grains per unit area (+4%) and per spike (+5%) reflecting more fertile
spikelets and grains in tertiary florets. Increases in grain number were
compensated for by significant reductions in grain size (-5%) and increased
frequency (+0.8%) of small, shrivelled grains ('screenings') to reduce seed-lot
quality of awnletted NILs. Post-anthesis canopies of awnletted NILs were
marginally warmer over all environments (+0.27 °C) but were not different and
were sometimes cooler than awned NILs at cooler air temperatures. Awns develop
early and represented up to 40% of total spikelet biomass prior to ear emergence.
We hypothesize that the allocation of assimilate to large and rapidly developing
awns decreases spikelet number and floret fertility to reduce grain number,
particularly in distal florets. Individual grain size is increased to reduce
screenings and to increase test weight and milling quality, particularly in
droughted environments. Despite the average reduction in grain size, awnless
lines could be identified that combined higher grain yield with larger grain
size, increased grain protein concentration, and reduced screenings.
|Agricultural Irrigation
[MESH]
|Crop Production
[MESH]
|Flowers/*anatomy & histology/genetics
[MESH]
|Genetic Variation
[MESH]
|Plant Breeding
[MESH]
|Rain
[MESH]
|Seeds/anatomy & histology/*growth & development
[MESH]