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2016 ; 165
(4
): 921-35
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Progranulin Deficiency Promotes Circuit-Specific Synaptic Pruning by Microglia
via Complement Activation
#MMPMID27114033
Lui H
; Zhang J
; Makinson SR
; Cahill MK
; Kelley KW
; Huang HY
; Shang Y
; Oldham MC
; Martens LH
; Gao F
; Coppola G
; Sloan SA
; Hsieh CL
; Kim CC
; Bigio EH
; Weintraub S
; Mesulam MM
; Rademakers R
; Mackenzie IR
; Seeley WW
; Karydas A
; Miller BL
; Borroni B
; Ghidoni R
; Farese RV Jr
; Paz JT
; Barres BA
; Huang EJ
Cell
2016[May]; 165
(4
): 921-35
PMID27114033
show ga
Microglia maintain homeostasis in the brain, but whether aberrant microglial
activation can cause neurodegeneration remains controversial. Here, we use
transcriptome profiling to demonstrate that deficiency in frontotemporal dementia
(FTD) gene progranulin (Grn) leads to an age-dependent, progressive upregulation
of lysosomal and innate immunity genes, increased complement production, and
enhanced synaptic pruning in microglia. During aging, Grn(-/-) mice show profound
microglia infiltration and preferential elimination of inhibitory synapses in the
ventral thalamus, which lead to hyperexcitability in the thalamocortical circuits
and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)-like grooming behaviors. Remarkably,
deleting C1qa gene significantly reduces synaptic pruning by Grn(-/-) microglia
and mitigates neurodegeneration, behavioral phenotypes, and premature mortality
in Grn(-/-) mice. Together, our results uncover a previously unrecognized role of
progranulin in suppressing aberrant microglia activation during aging. These
results represent an important conceptual advance that complement activation and
microglia-mediated synaptic pruning are major drivers, rather than consequences,
of neurodegeneration caused by progranulin deficiency.