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.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 Am+J+Cancer+Res
2016 ; 6
(2
): 200-13
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Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote endometrial cancer growth via activation of
interleukin-6/STAT-3/c-Myc pathway
#MMPMID27186396
Subramaniam KS
; Omar IS
; Kwong SC
; Mohamed Z
; Woo YL
; Mat Adenan NA
; Chung I
Am J Cancer Res
2016[]; 6
(2
): 200-13
PMID27186396
show ga
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) secrete various pro-tumorigenic cytokines,
yet the role of these cytokines in the progression of endometrial cancer remains
unclear. We found that CAFs isolated from human endometrial cancer (EC) tissues
secreted high levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), which promotes EC cell
proliferation in vitro. Neutralizing IL-6 in CAF-conditioned media reduced (47%
inhibition) while IL-6 recombinant protein increased cell proliferation (~2.4
fold) of both EC cell lines and primary cultures. IL-6 receptors (IL-6R and
gp130) were expressed only in EC epithelial cells but not in CAF, indicating a
one-way paracrine signaling. In the presence of CAF-conditioned media, Janus
kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT3) pathway was
activated in EC cells. Treatment with JAK and STAT3 specific inhibitors, AD412
and STATTIC, respectively, significantly abrogated CAF-mediated cell
proliferation, indicating the role of IL-6 activation in EC cell proliferation.
We further showed that one of STAT-3 target genes, c-Myc, was highly induced in
EC cells after exposure to CAF-conditioned medium at both mRNA (>105-fold vs.
control) and protein level (>2-fold vs. control). EC cell proliferation was
dependent on c-Myc expression, as RNAi-mediated c-Myc down-regulation led to a
significant 46% reduction in cell viability when compared with scrambled control.
Interestingly, CAF-conditioned media failed to promote proliferation in EC cells
with reduced c-Myc expression, suggesting that CAF-mediated cell proliferation
was also dependent on c-Myc expression. Subcutaneous tumor xenograft model showed
that EC cells grew at least 1.4 times larger when co-injected with CAF, when
compared to those injected with EC cells alone. Mice injected with EC cells with
down-regulated c-Myc expression, however, showed at least 2.5 times smaller tumor
compared to those in control group. Notably, there was no increase of tumor size
when co-injected with CAFs. Further immunohistochemical staining on human tissues
showed positive expression of IL-6 receptors, phosphorylated-STAT3 and c-Myc in
human EC tissues with less signals in benign endometrium. Taken together, our
data suggests that IL-6 secreted by CAF induces c-Myc expression to promote EC
proliferation in vitro and in vivo. IL-6 pathway can be a potential target to
disrupt tumor-stroma interaction in endometrial cancer progression.