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10.1186/s12967-016-0862-4 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1186/s12967-016-0862-4 C4857295!4857295!27146704     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       J+Transl+Med 2016 ; 14 (ä): ä Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=27146704|t=2016. Planning clinically relevant biomarker validation studies using the ?number needed to treat? concept |pdf=|usr=}}{{27146704}} gab.com Text Planning clinically relevant biomarker validation studies using the number needed to treat concept JO: J Transl Med http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=27146704 #FOAvip Purpose: Despite an explosion of translational research to exploit biomarkers in diagnosis, prediction and prognosis, the impact of biomarkers on clinical practice has been limited. The elusiveness of clinical utility may partly originate when validation studies are planned, from a failure to articulate precisely how the biomarker, if successful, will improve clinical decision-making for patients. Clarifying what performance would suffice if the test is to improve medical care makes it possible to design meaningful validation studies. But methods for tackling this part of validation study design are undeveloped, because it demands uncomfortable judgments about the relative values of good and bad outcomes resulting from a medical decision. Methods: An unconventional use of ?number needed to treat? (NNT) can structure communication for the trial design team, to elicit purely value-based outcome tradeoffs, conveyed as the endpoints of an NNT ?discomfort range?. The study biostatistician can convert the endpoints into desired predictive values, providing criteria for designing a prospective validation study. Next, a novel ?contra-Bayes? theorem converts those predictive values into target sensitivity and specificity criteria, to guide design of a retrospective validation study. Several examples demonstrate the approach. Conclusion: In practice, NNT-guided dialogues have contributed to validation study planning by tying it closely to specific patient-oriented translational goals. The ultimate payoff comes when the report of the completed study includes motivation in the form of a biomarker test framework directly reflecting the clinical decision challenge to be solved. Then readers will understand better what the biomarker test has to offer patients. Electronic supplementary material: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0862-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Twit Text FOAVip Planning clinically relevant biomarker validation studies using the number needed to treat concept ????J Transl Med http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=27146704 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=27146704 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|27146704}}</ref> Planning clinically relevant biomarker validation studies using the ?number needed to treat? concept #MMPMID27146704 Day RS J Transl Med 2016[]; 14 (ä): ä PMID27146704show ga Purpose: Despite an explosion of translational research to exploit biomarkers in diagnosis, prediction and prognosis, the impact of biomarkers on clinical practice has been limited. The elusiveness of clinical utility may partly originate when validation studies are planned, from a failure to articulate precisely how the biomarker, if successful, will improve clinical decision-making for patients. Clarifying what performance would suffice if the test is to improve medical care makes it possible to design meaningful validation studies. But methods for tackling this part of validation study design are undeveloped, because it demands uncomfortable judgments about the relative values of good and bad outcomes resulting from a medical decision. Methods: An unconventional use of ?number needed to treat? (NNT) can structure communication for the trial design team, to elicit purely value-based outcome tradeoffs, conveyed as the endpoints of an NNT ?discomfort range?. The study biostatistician can convert the endpoints into desired predictive values, providing criteria for designing a prospective validation study. Next, a novel ?contra-Bayes? theorem converts those predictive values into target sensitivity and specificity criteria, to guide design of a retrospective validation study. Several examples demonstrate the approach. Conclusion: In practice, NNT-guided dialogues have contributed to validation study planning by tying it closely to specific patient-oriented translational goals. The ultimate payoff comes when the report of the completed study includes motivation in the form of a biomarker test framework directly reflecting the clinical decision challenge to be solved. Then readers will understand better what the biomarker test has to offer patients. Electronic supplementary material: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0862-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. äPlanning clinically relevant biomarker validation studies using the ?n(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing