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Optimal ROS signaling is critical for nuclear reprogramming #MMPMID27117405
Zhou G; Meng S; Li Y; Ghebremariam YT; Cooke JP
Cell Rep 2016[May]; 15 (5): 919-25 PMID27117405show ga
Efficient nuclear reprogramming of somatic cells to pluripotency requires activation of innate immunity. Because innate immune activation triggers reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling, we sought to determine if there was a role of ROS signaling in nuclear reprogramming. We examined ROS production during the reprogramming of doxycycline (Dox) inducible mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) carrying the Yamanaka Factors (OSKM; Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc) into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). ROS generation was substantially increased with the onset of reprogramming. Depletion of ROS using antioxidants or Nox inhibitors substantially decreased reprogramming efficiency. Similarly, both knockdown and knockout of p22phox ? a critical subunit of the Nox (1-4) complex, decreased reprogramming efficiency. However, excessive ROS generation using genetic and pharmacological approaches also impaired reprogramming. Overall, our data indicate that ROS signaling is activated early with nuclear reprogramming, and optimal levels of ROS signaling are essential to induce pluripotency.Zhou et al. show that early generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is required for nuclear reprogramming of somatic cells to pluripotency. Genetic knockdown and knockout of the oxidative enzyme Nox (1-4), or addition of antioxidants, suppresses reprogramming. The findings provide insight into mechanisms by which pluripotent stem cells may be generated.