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2016 ; 12
(5
): 888-9
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Melanin targets LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP): A novel pathogenetic mechanism
in fungal disease
#MMPMID27028978
Chamilos G
; Akoumianaki T
; Kyrmizi I
; Brakhage A
; Beauvais A
; Latge JP
Autophagy
2016[May]; 12
(5
): 888-9
PMID27028978
show ga
Intracellular swelling of conidia of the major human airborne fungal pathogen
Aspergillus fumigatus results in surface exposure of immunostimulatory
pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and triggers activation of a
specialized autophagy pathway called LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP) to promote
fungal killing. We have recently discovered that, apart from PAMPs exposure, cell
wall melanin removal during germination of A. fumigatus is a prerequisite for
activation of LAP. Importantly, melanin promotes fungal pathogenicity via
targeting LAP, as a melanin-deficient A. fumigatus mutant restores its virulence
upon conditional inactivation of Atg5 in hematopoietic cells of mice.
Mechanistically, fungal cell wall melanin selectively excludes the CYBA/p22phox
subunit of NADPH oxidase from the phagosome to inhibit LAP, without interfering
with signaling regulating cytokine responses. Notably, inhibition of LAP is a
general property of melanin pigments, a finding with broad physiological
implications.