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2016 ; 11
(5
): e0154712
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Stimulation of the Salicylic Acid Pathway Aboveground Recruits Entomopathogenic
Nematodes Belowground
#MMPMID27136916
Filgueiras CC
; Willett DS
; Junior AM
; Pareja M
; Borai FE
; Dickson DW
; Stelinski LL
; Duncan LW
PLoS One
2016[]; 11
(5
): e0154712
PMID27136916
show ga
Plant defense pathways play a critical role in mediating tritrophic interactions
between plants, herbivores, and natural enemies. While the impact of plant
defense pathway stimulation on natural enemies has been extensively explored
aboveground, belowground ramifications of plant defense pathway stimulation are
equally important in regulating subterranean pests and still require more
attention. Here we investigate the effect of aboveground stimulation of the
salicylic acid pathway through foliar application of the elicitor methyl
salicylate on belowground recruitment of the entomopathogenic nematode,
Steinernema diaprepesi. Also, we implicate a specific root-derived volatile that
attracts S. diaprepesi belowground following aboveground plant stimulation by an
elicitor. In four-choice olfactometer assays, citrus plants treated with foliar
applications of methyl salicylate recruited S. diaprepesi in the absence of
weevil feeding as compared with negative controls. Additionally, analysis of root
volatile profiles of citrus plants receiving foliar application of methyl
salicylate revealed production of d-limonene, which was absent in negative
controls. The entomopathogenic nematode S. diaprepesi was recruited to d-limonene
in two-choice olfactometer trials. These results reinforce the critical role of
plant defense pathways in mediating tritrophic interactions, suggest a broad role
for plant defense pathway signaling belowground, and hint at sophisticated plant
responses to pest complexes.