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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 267.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Mol+Cell 2016 ; 62 (2): 314-22 Nephropedia Template TP
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CGG Repeat associated non-AUG translation utilizes a cap-dependent, scanning mechanism of initiation to produce toxic proteins #MMPMID27041225
Mol Cell 2016[Apr]; 62 (2): 314-22 PMID27041225show ga
Repeat associated non-AUG (RAN) translation produces toxic polypeptides from nucleotide repeat expansions in the absence of an AUG start codon and contributes to neurodegenerative disorders such as ALS and Fragile X Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS). How RAN translation occurs is unknown. Here we define the critical sequence and initiation factors that mediate CGG repeat RAN translation in the 5? leader of Fragile X mRNA, FMR1. Our results reveal that CGG RAN translation is 30?40% as efficient as AUG initiated translation, is m7G-cap and eIF4E-dependent, requires the eIF4A helicase, and is strongly influenced by repeat length. However, it displays a dichotomous requirement for initiation site selection between reading frames, with initiation in the +1 frame, but not the +2 frame, occurring at near-cognate start codons upstream of the repeat. These data support a model where RAN translation at CGG repeats utilizes cap-dependent ribosomal scanning, yet bypasses normal requirements for start codon selection.