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2016 ; 3
(1
): e000148
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Histone H2AX phosphorylation as a measure of DNA double-strand breaks and a
marker of environmental stress and disease activity in lupus
#MMPMID27158526
Namas R
; Renauer P
; Ognenovski M
; Tsou PS
; Sawalha AH
Lupus Sci Med
2016[]; 3
(1
): e000148
PMID27158526
show ga
OBJECTIVE: Defective or inefficient DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair results
in failure to preserve genomic integrity leading to apoptotic cell death, a
hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Compelling evidence linked
environmental factors that increase oxidative stress with SLE risk and the
formation of DSBs. In this study, we sought to further explore genotoxic stress
sensitivity in SLE by investigating DSB accumulation as a marker linking the
effect of environmental stressors and the chromatin microenvironment. METHODS:
DSBs were quantified in peripheral blood mononuclear cell subsets from patients
with SLE, healthy controls, and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by
measuring phosphorylated H2AX (phospho-H2AX) levels with flow cytometry.
Phospho-H2AX levels were assessed in G0/G1, S and G2 cell-cycle phases using
propidium iodide staining, and after oxidative stress using 0.5?µM hydrogen
peroxide exposure for 0, 2, 5, 10, 30 and 60?min. RESULTS: DSB levels were
significantly increased in CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and monocytes in SLE
compared with healthy controls (p=2.16×10(-4), 1.68×10(-3) and 4.74×10(-3),
respectively) and RA (p=1.05×10(-3), 1.78×10(-3) and 2.43×10(-2), respectively).
This increase in DSBs in SLE was independent of the cell-cycle phase, and
correlated with disease activity. In CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and monocytes,
oxidative stress exposure induced significantly higher DSB accumulation in SLE
compared with healthy controls (60?min; p=1.64×10(-6), 8.11×10(-7) and
2.04×10(-3), respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that SLE T cells and
monocytes have increased baseline DSB levels and an increased sensitivity to
acquiring DSBs in response to oxidative stress. Although the mechanism underlying
DSB sensitivity in SLE requires further investigation, accumulation of DSB may
serve a biomarker for disease activity in SLE and help explain increased
apoptotic cell accumulation in this disease.