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2016 ; 14
(1
): 99
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Autoantigen-specific immunosuppression with tolerogenic peripheral blood cells
prevents relapses in a mouse model of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
#MMPMID27131971
Kleist C
; Mohr E
; Gaikwad S
; Dittmar L
; Kuerten S
; Platten M
; Mier W
; Schmitt M
; Opelz G
; Terness P
J Transl Med
2016[May]; 14
(1
): 99
PMID27131971
show ga
BACKGROUND: Dendritic cells (DCs) rendered suppressive by treatment with
mitomycin C and loaded with the autoantigen myelin basic protein demonstrated
earlier their ability to prevent experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE),
the animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS). This provides an approach for
prophylactic vaccination against autoimmune diseases. For clinical application
such DCs are difficult to generate and autoantigens hold the risk of exacerbating
the disease. METHODS: We replaced DCs by peripheral mononuclear cells and myelin
autoantigens by glatiramer acetate (Copaxone(®)), a drug approved for the
treatment of MS. Spleen cells were loaded with Copaxone(®), incubated with
mitomycin C (MICCop) and injected into mice after the first bout of
relapsing-remitting EAE. Immunosuppression mediated by MICCop was investigated in
vivo by daily assessment of clinical signs of paralysis and in in vitro
restimulation assays of peripheral immune cells. Cytokine profiling was performed
by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Migration of MICCop cells after
injection was examined by biodistribution analysis of (111)Indium-labelled
MICCop. The number and inhibitory activity of CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) regulatory T
cells were analysed by histology, flow cytometry and in vitro mixed lymphocyte
cultures. In order to assess the specificity of MICCop-induced suppression,
treated EAE mice were challenged with the control protein ovalbumin. Humoral and
cellular immune responses were then determined by ELISA and in vitro antigen
restimulation assay. RESULTS: MICCop cells were able to inhibit the harmful
autoreactive T-cell response and prevented mice from further relapses without
affecting general immune responses. Administered MICCop migrated to various
organs leading to an increased infiltration of the spleen and the central nervous
system with CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) cells displaying a suppressive cytokine profile
and inhibiting T-cell responses. CONCLUSION: We describe a clinically applicable
cell therapeutic approach for controlling relapses in autoimmune
encephalomyelitis by specifically silencing the deleterious autoimmune response.