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10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.06.055 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.06.055 C4850906!4850906 !26184694     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Warning: imagejpeg(C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\phplern\26184694 .jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117       Atherosclerosis 2015 ; 242 (1 ): 56-64 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=26184694 |t=2015. Atherosclerosis following renal injury is ameliorated by pioglitazone and losartan via macrophage phenotype |pdf=|usr=}}{{26184694 }} gab.com Text Atherosclerosis following renal injury is ameliorated by pioglitazone and losartan via macrophage phenotype JO: Atherosclerosis http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26184694 #FOAvip OBJECTIVE: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) amplifies atherosclerosis, which involves renin-angiotensin system (RAS) regulation of macrophages. RAS influences peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-? (PPAR?), a modulator of atherogenic functions of macrophages, however, little is known about its effects in CKD. We examined the impact of combined therapy with a PPAR? agonist and angiotensin receptor blocker on atherogenesis in a murine uninephrectomy model. METHODS: Apolipoprotein E knockout mice underwent uninephrectomy (UNx) and treatment with pioglitazone (UNx + Pio), losartan (UNx + Los), or both (UNx + Pio/Los) for 10 weeks. Extent and characteristics of atherosclerotic lesions and macrophage phenotypes were assessed; RAW264.7 and primary peritoneal mouse cells were used to examine pioglitazone and losartan effects on macrophage phenotype and inflammatory response. RESULTS: UNx significantly increased atherosclerosis. Pioglitazone and losartan each significantly reduced the atherosclerotic burden by 29.6% and 33.5%, respectively; although the benefit was dramatically augmented by combination treatment which lessened atherosclerosis by 55.7%. Assessment of plaques revealed significantly greater macrophage area in UNx + Pio/Los (80.7 ± 11.4% vs. 50.3 ± 4.2% in UNx + Pio and 57.2 ± 6.5% in UNx + Los) with more apoptotic cells. The expanded macrophage-rich lesions of UNx + Pio/Los had more alternatively activated, Ym-1 and arginine 1-positive M2 phenotypes (Ym-1: 33.6 ± 8.2%, p < 0.05 vs. 12.0 ± 1.1% in UNx; arginase 1: 27.8 ± 0.9%, p < 0.05 vs. 11.8 ± 1.3% in UNx). In vitro, pioglitazone alone and together with losartan was more effective than losartan alone in dampening lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine production, suppressing M1 phenotypic change while enhancing M2 phenotypic change. CONCLUSION: Combination of pioglitazone and losartan is more effective in reducing renal injury-induced atherosclerosis than either treatment alone. This benefit reflects mitigation in macrophage cytokine production, enhanced apoptosis, and a shift toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Twit Text FOAVip Atherosclerosis following renal injury is ameliorated by pioglitazone and losartan via macrophage phenotype ????Atherosclerosis http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26184694 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26184694 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|26184694 }}</ref> Atherosclerosis following renal injury is ameliorated by pioglitazone and losartan via macrophage phenotype #MMPMID26184694 Yamamoto S ; Zhong J ; Yancey PG ; Zuo Y ; Linton MF ; Fazio S ; Yang H ; Narita I ; Kon V Atherosclerosis 2015[Sep]; 242 (1 ): 56-64 PMID26184694 show ga OBJECTIVE: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) amplifies atherosclerosis, which involves renin-angiotensin system (RAS) regulation of macrophages. RAS influences peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-? (PPAR?), a modulator of atherogenic functions of macrophages, however, little is known about its effects in CKD. We examined the impact of combined therapy with a PPAR? agonist and angiotensin receptor blocker on atherogenesis in a murine uninephrectomy model. METHODS: Apolipoprotein E knockout mice underwent uninephrectomy (UNx) and treatment with pioglitazone (UNx + Pio), losartan (UNx + Los), or both (UNx + Pio/Los) for 10 weeks. Extent and characteristics of atherosclerotic lesions and macrophage phenotypes were assessed; RAW264.7 and primary peritoneal mouse cells were used to examine pioglitazone and losartan effects on macrophage phenotype and inflammatory response. RESULTS: UNx significantly increased atherosclerosis. Pioglitazone and losartan each significantly reduced the atherosclerotic burden by 29.6% and 33.5%, respectively; although the benefit was dramatically augmented by combination treatment which lessened atherosclerosis by 55.7%. Assessment of plaques revealed significantly greater macrophage area in UNx + Pio/Los (80.7 ± 11.4% vs. 50.3 ± 4.2% in UNx + Pio and 57.2 ± 6.5% in UNx + Los) with more apoptotic cells. The expanded macrophage-rich lesions of UNx + Pio/Los had more alternatively activated, Ym-1 and arginine 1-positive M2 phenotypes (Ym-1: 33.6 ± 8.2%, p < 0.05 vs. 12.0 ± 1.1% in UNx; arginase 1: 27.8 ± 0.9%, p < 0.05 vs. 11.8 ± 1.3% in UNx). In vitro, pioglitazone alone and together with losartan was more effective than losartan alone in dampening lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine production, suppressing M1 phenotypic change while enhancing M2 phenotypic change. CONCLUSION: Combination of pioglitazone and losartan is more effective in reducing renal injury-induced atherosclerosis than either treatment alone. This benefit reflects mitigation in macrophage cytokine production, enhanced apoptosis, and a shift toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype. |Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists/administration & dosage/pharmacology/*therapeutic use [MESH] |Animals [MESH] |Aortic Diseases/*drug therapy/etiology/genetics/pathology [MESH] |Apolipoproteins E/deficiency [MESH] |Apoptosis/drug effects [MESH] |Atherosclerosis/*drug therapy/etiology/genetics/pathology [MESH] |Cell Line [MESH] |Cytokines/biosynthesis [MESH] |Disease Models, Animal [MESH] |Drug Evaluation, Preclinical [MESH] |Drug Synergism [MESH] |Drug Therapy, Combination [MESH] |Female [MESH] |Hyperlipidemias/complications/genetics [MESH] |Inflammation [MESH] |Losartan/administration & dosage/pharmacology/*therapeutic use [MESH] |Macrophages/classification/*drug effects/metabolism [MESH] |Mice [MESH] |Mice, Inbred C57BL [MESH] |Mice, Knockout [MESH] |Nephrectomy [MESH] |PPAR gamma/agonists [MESH] |Phenotype [MESH] |Pioglitazone [MESH] |Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/*complications [MESH] |Renin-Angiotensin System/drug effects [MESH]Atherosclerosis following renal injury is ameliorated by pioglitazone (epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing