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2016 ; 17
(4
): 452
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Role of Non-Coding RNAs in the Transgenerational Epigenetic Transmission of the
Effects of Reprotoxicants
#MMPMID27023531
Larriba E
; del Mazo J
Int J Mol Sci
2016[Mar]; 17
(4
): 452
PMID27023531
show ga
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are regulatory elements of gene expression and chromatin
structure. Both long and small ncRNAs can also act as inductors and targets of
epigenetic programs. Epigenetic patterns can be transmitted from one cell to the
daughter cell, but, importantly, also through generations. Diversity of ncRNAs is
emerging with new and surprising roles. Functional interactions among ncRNAs and
between specific ncRNAs and structural elements of the chromatin are drawing a
complex landscape. In this scenario, epigenetic changes induced by environmental
stressors, including reprotoxicants, can explain some
transgenerationally-transmitted phenotypes in non-Mendelian ways. In this review,
we analyze mechanisms of action of reprotoxicants upon different types of ncRNAs
and epigenetic modifications causing transgenerationally transmitted characters
through germ cells but affecting germ cells and reproductive systems. A
functional model of epigenetic mechanisms of transgenerational transmission
ncRNAs-mediated is also proposed.