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2016 ; 5
(ä): 175
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A new hypothesis: some metastases are the result of inflammatory processes by
adapted cells, especially adapted immune cells at sites of inflammation
#MMPMID27158448
Shahriyari L
F1000Res
2016[]; 5
(ä): 175
PMID27158448
show ga
There is an old hypothesis that metastasis is the result of migration of tumor
cells from the tumor to a distant site. In this article, we propose another
mechanism for metastasis, for cancers that are initiated at the site of chronic
inflammation. We suggest that cells at the site of chronic inflammation might
become adapted to the inflammatory process, and these adaptations may lead to the
initiation of an inflammatory tumor. For example, in an inflammatory tumor immune
cells might be adapted to send signals of proliferation or angiogenesis, and
epithelial cells might be adapted to proliferation (like inactivation of tumor
suppressor genes). Therefore, we hypothesize that metastasis could be the result
of an inflammatory process by adapted cells, especially adapted immune cells at
the site of inflammation, as well as the migration of tumor cells with the help
of activated platelets, which travel between sites of inflammation. If this
hypothesis is correct, then any treatment causing necrotic cell death may not be
a good solution. Because necrotic cells in the tumor micro-environment or
anywhere in the body activate the immune system to initiate the inflammatory
process, and the involvement of adapted immune cells in the inflammatory
processes leads to the formation and progression of tumors. Adapted activated
immune cells send more signals of proliferation and/or angiogenesis than
normal cells. Moreover, if there were adapted epithelial cells, they would divide
at a much higher rate in response to the proliferation signals than normal cells.
Thus, not only would the tumor come back after the treatment, but it would also
grow more aggressively.