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Gene amplification-associated overexpression of the RNA editing enzyme ADAR1 enhances human lung tumorigenesis #MMPMID26640150
Anadón C; Guil S; Simó-Riudalbas L; Moutinho C; Setien F; Martínez-Cardús A; Moran S; Villanueva A; Calaf M; Vidal A; Lazo PA; Zondervan I; Savola S; Kohno T; Yokota J; de Pouplana LR; Esteller M
Oncogene 2016[Aug]; 35 (33): 4407-13 PMID26640150show ga
The introduction of new therapies against particular genetic mutations in non-small-cell lung cancer is a promising avenue for improving patient survival, but the target population is small. There is a need to discover new potential actionable genetic lesions, to which end, non-conventional cancer pathways, such as RNA editing, are worth exploring. Herein we show that the adenosine-to-inosine editing enzyme ADAR1 undergoes gene amplification in non-small cancer cell lines and primary tumors in association with higher levels of the corresponding mRNA and protein. From a growth and invasion standpoint, the depletion of ADAR1 expression in amplified cells reduces their tumorigenic potential in cell culture and mouse models, whereas its overexpression has the opposite effects. From a functional perspective, ADAR1 overexpression enhances the editing frequencies of target transcripts such as NEIL1 and miR-381. In the clinical setting, patients with early-stage lung cancer, but harboring ADAR1 gene amplification, have poor outcomes. Overall, our results indicate a role for ADAR1 as a lung cancer oncogene undergoing gene amplification-associated activation that affects downstream RNA editing patterns and patient prognosis.