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.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 Oncoimmunology
2016 ; 5
(4
): e1117738
Nephropedia Template TP
Oncoimmunology
2016[Apr]; 5
(4
): e1117738
PMID27141403
show ga
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a molecular and cellular program in
which epithelial cells lose their well-differentiated phenotype and adopt
mesenchymal characteristics. This process, which occurs naturally during
embryogenesis, has also been shown to be associated with cancer progression and
with tumor recurrence following conventional therapies. Brachyury is a
transcription factor that mediates EMT during development, and is aberrantly
expressed in various human cancers where it promotes tumor cell EMT, metastatic
dissemination, and resistance to conventional therapies. We have recently shown
that very high expression of brachyury can protect tumor cells against immune
cell-mediated cytotoxicity. In seeking to elucidate mechanisms of immunotherapy
resistance, we have discovered a novel positive association between brachyury and
mucin-1 (MUC1). MUC1 is overexpressed in the majority of carcinomas, and it has
been shown to mediate oncogenic signaling and confer resistance to genotoxic
agents. We found that MUC1 is concomitantly upregulated in tumor cell lines that
highly express brachyury due to an enhancement of MUC1 mRNA stability. Analysis
of patient lung tumor tissues also identified a positive association between
these two proteins in the majority of samples. Inhibition of MUC1 by siRNA-based
gene silencing markedly enhanced the susceptibility of brachyury-expressing
cancer cells to killing by tumor necrosis-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
(TRAIL) and to perforin/granzyme-dependent lysis by immune cytotoxic cells. These
studies confirm a protective role for MUC1 in brachyury-expressing cancer cells,
and suggest that inhibition of MUC1 can restore the susceptibility of
mesenchymal-like cancer cells to immune attack.