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2015 ; 30
(3
): 366-75
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Management of atherosclerotic renovascular disease after Cardiovascular Outcomes
in Renal Atherosclerotic Lesions (CORAL)
#MMPMID24723543
Herrmann SM
; Saad A
; Textor SC
Nephrol Dial Transplant
2015[Mar]; 30
(3
): 366-75
PMID24723543
show ga
Many patients with occlusive atherosclerotic renovascular disease (ARVD) may be
managed effectively with medical therapy for several years without endovascular
stenting, as demonstrated by randomized, prospective trials including the
Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal Atherosclerotic Lesions (CORAL) trial, the
Angioplasty and Stenting for Renal Artery Lesions (ASTRAL) trial and the Stent
Placement and Blood Pressure and Lipid-Lowering for the Prevention of Progression
of Renal Dysfunction Caused by Atherosclerotic Ostial Stenosis of the Renal
Artery (STAR) and ASTRAL. These trials share the limitation of excluding subsets
of patients with high-risk clinical presentations, including episodic pulmonary
edema and rapidly progressing renal failure and hypertension. Although
hemodynamically significant, ARVD can reduce renal blood flow and glomerular
filtration rate; adaptive mechanisms preserve both cortical and medullary
oxygenation over a wide range of vascular occlusion. Progression of ARVD to
severe vascular compromise eventually produces cortical hypoxia, however,
associated with active inflammatory cytokine release and cellular infiltration of
the renal parenchyma. In such cases ARVD produces a loss of glomerular filtration
rate that no longer is reversible simply by restoring vessel patency with
technically successful renal revascularization. Each of these trials reported
adverse renal functional outcomes ranging between 16 and 22% over periods of 2-5
years of follow-up. Blood pressure control and medication adjustment may become
more difficult with declining renal function and may prevent the use of
angiotensin receptor blocker and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. The
objective of this review is to evaluate the current management of ARVD for
clinical nephrologists in the context of recent randomized clinical trials and
experimental research.