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10.4103/0366-6999.147815 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.4103/0366-6999.147815 C4837822!4837822!25563316     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 219.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 219.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 219.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 219.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Chin+Med+J+(Engl) 2015 ; 128 (1): 69-74 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=25563316|t=2015. Autophagy in Atherosclerosis: A Phenomenon Found in Human Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques |pdf=|usr=}}{{25563316}} gab.com Text Autophagy in Atherosclerosis: A Phenomenon Found in Human Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques JO: Chin Med J (Engl) http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=25563316 #FOAvip Background:: Autophagy has been found to be involved in animal and cell models of atherosclerosis, but to date, it lacks general observation in human atherosclerotic plaques. Here, we investigated autophagy in smooth muscle cells (SMCs), endothelial cells (ECs), and macrophages in human atherosclerotic plaques via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), western blotting, and immunohistochemistry analysis. Methods:: The histopathologic morphology of these plaques was observed via hematoxylin and eosin staining. The ultrastructural morphology of the SMCs, ECs, and macrophages in these plaques was observed via TEM. The localization of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (MAP1-LC3), a relatively special maker of autophagy, in plaques was observed by double fluorescent immunochemistry and western blotting. Results:: All of these human atherosclerotic plaques were considered advanced and unstable in histologically observation. By double fluorescent immunochemistry, the expression of LC3-II increased in the SMCs of the fibrous cap, the macrophages, and the microvascular ECs of the plaque shoulders. The protein level of LC3-II by western blotting significantly increased in plaques compared with normal controls. In addition, TEM observation of plaques revealed certain features of autophagy in SMCs, ECs, and macrophages including the formation of myelin figures, vacuolization, and the accumulation of inclusions in the cytosol. These results indicate that autophagy is activated in SMCs, ECs, and macrophages in human advanced atherosclerotic plaques. Conclusions:: Our study is to demonstrate the existence of autophagy in human atherosclerotic plaques by different methods, which may contribute to the development of pharmacological approaches to stabilize vulnerable and rupture-prone lesions. Twit Text FOAVip Autophagy in Atherosclerosis: A Phenomenon Found in Human Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques ????Chin Med J (Engl) http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=25563316 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=25563316 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|25563316}}</ref> Autophagy in Atherosclerosis: A Phenomenon Found in Human Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques #MMPMID25563316 Liu H; Cao Y; Tong T; Shi J; Zhang Y; Yang Y; Liu C Chin Med J (Engl) 2015[Jan]; 128 (1): 69-74 PMID25563316show ga Background:: Autophagy has been found to be involved in animal and cell models of atherosclerosis, but to date, it lacks general observation in human atherosclerotic plaques. Here, we investigated autophagy in smooth muscle cells (SMCs), endothelial cells (ECs), and macrophages in human atherosclerotic plaques via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), western blotting, and immunohistochemistry analysis. Methods:: The histopathologic morphology of these plaques was observed via hematoxylin and eosin staining. The ultrastructural morphology of the SMCs, ECs, and macrophages in these plaques was observed via TEM. The localization of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (MAP1-LC3), a relatively special maker of autophagy, in plaques was observed by double fluorescent immunochemistry and western blotting. Results:: All of these human atherosclerotic plaques were considered advanced and unstable in histologically observation. By double fluorescent immunochemistry, the expression of LC3-II increased in the SMCs of the fibrous cap, the macrophages, and the microvascular ECs of the plaque shoulders. The protein level of LC3-II by western blotting significantly increased in plaques compared with normal controls. In addition, TEM observation of plaques revealed certain features of autophagy in SMCs, ECs, and macrophages including the formation of myelin figures, vacuolization, and the accumulation of inclusions in the cytosol. These results indicate that autophagy is activated in SMCs, ECs, and macrophages in human advanced atherosclerotic plaques. Conclusions:: Our study is to demonstrate the existence of autophagy in human atherosclerotic plaques by different methods, which may contribute to the development of pharmacological approaches to stabilize vulnerable and rupture-prone lesions. äAutophagy in Atherosclerosis: A Phenomenon Found in Human Carotid Athe(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing