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2016 ; 310
(8
): G574-85
Nephropedia Template TP
Halliez MC
; Motta JP
; Feener TD
; Guérin G
; LeGoff L
; François A
; Colasse E
; Favennec L
; Gargala G
; Lapointe TK
; Altier C
; Buret AG
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol
2016[Apr]; 310
(8
): G574-85
PMID26744469
show ga
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most frequent functional gastrointestinal
disorder. It is characterized by abdominal hypersensitivity, leading to
discomfort and pain, as well as altered bowel habits. While it is common for IBS
to develop following the resolution of infectious gastroenteritis [then termed
postinfectious IBS (PI-IBS)], the mechanisms remain incompletely understood.
Giardia duodenalis is a cosmopolitan water-borne enteropathogen that causes
intestinal malabsorption, diarrhea, and postinfectious complications.
Cause-and-effect studies using a human enteropathogen to help investigate the
mechanisms of PI-IBS are sorely lacking. In an attempt to establish causality
between giardiasis and postinfectious visceral hypersensitivity, this study
describes a new model of PI-IBS in neonatal rats infected with G. duodenalis At
50 days postinfection with G. duodenalis (assemblage A or B), long after the
parasite was cleared, rats developed visceral hypersensitivity to luminal balloon
distension in the jejunum and rectum, activation of the nociceptive signaling
pathway (increased c-fos expression), histological modifications (villus atrophy
and crypt hyperplasia), and proliferation of mucosal intraepithelial lymphocytes
and mast cells in the jejunum, but not in the rectum. G. duodenalis infection
also disrupted the intestinal barrier, in vivo and in vitro, which in turn
promoted the translocation of commensal bacteria. Giardia-induced bacterial
paracellular translocation in vitro correlated with degradation of the tight
junction proteins occludin and claudin-4. The extensive observations associated
with gut hypersensitivity described here demonstrate that, indeed, in this new
model of postgiardiasis IBS, alterations to the gut mucosa and c-fos are
consistent with those associated with PI-IBS and, hence, offer avenues for new
mechanistic research in the field.