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2016 ; 2
(1
): ä Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
Twit Text FOAVip
Twit Text #
English Wikipedia
The emerging role of extracellular vesicle-derived miRNAs: implication in cancer
progression and stem cell related diseases
#MMPMID27099870
Yang Q
; Diamond MP
; Al-Hendy A
J Clin Epigenet
2016[]; 2
(1
): ä PMID27099870
show ga
Cells release into the extracellular environment, diverse types of membrane
vesicles of endosomal and plasma membrane origin called exosomes and
microvesicles. A number of studies indicate that these extracellular vehicles
(EVs) mediate the interaction between cancer cells and their microenvironment;
and thereby, play a critical role in the development of cancers. EVs contain
cargo which consist of proteins, lipids, mRNAs, and miRNAs that can be delivered
to different types of cells in nascent as well as distal locations. Discovery of
this latter cargo has drawn an increasing amount of attention, due to their
altering effects on the transcriptome, proteins, and subsequent cellular
characteristics in recipient cells. Cancer cell derived exosomes (CCEs) have been
identified in body fluids of cancer patients including urine, plasma and saliva.
Because CCE content largely depends on tumor type and stage, they invariably lend
great potential in serving as prognostic and diagnostic markers. Notably,
accumulating evidence demonstrates that EV-derived miRNAs have key roles in
regulating various aspects of cellular homeostasis, including proliferation,
survival, migration, metastasis, and the immune system etc. More recently,
diagnostic and therapeutic exploitation of stem cells derived EVs are under
investigation. This review aims to summarize recent advances in EV-derived miRNAs
in a variety of tumor types, and suggests that these cancer-derived exosomal
miRNAs play a critical role in regulating cellular functions in surrounding and
distant locations. It also discusses the role of adverse environmental exposure
in altering stem cell exosomal miRNA profiling, which we believe leads to changes
in the extracellular environment as well as a diverse range of biological
processes.
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