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A label-free approach by infrared spectroscopic imaging for interrogating the biochemistry of diabetic nephropathy progression #MMPMID26924056
Kidney Int 2016[May]; 89 (5): 1153-9 PMID26924056show ga
Routine histology, the current gold standard, involves staining for specific biomolecules. However, untapped biochemical information in tissue can be gathered using biochemical imaging. Infrared spectroscopy is an emerging modality that allows label-free chemical imaging to derive biochemical information (such as protein, lipids, DNA, collagen) from tissues. Here we employed this technology in order to better predict the development of diabetic nephropathy. Using human primary kidney biopsies or nephrectomies, we obtained tissue from four histologically normal kidneys, four histologically normal kidneys from diabetic subjects and five kidneys with evidence of diabetic nephropathy. A biochemical signature of diabetic nephropathy was derived that enabled prediction of nephropathy based on the ratio of only two spectral frequencies. Nonetheless, using the entire spectrum of biochemical information, we were able to detect renal disease with near perfect accuracy. Additionally, study of sequential protocol biopsies from three transplanted kidneys showed biochemical changes even prior to clinical manifestation of diabetic nephropathy. Thus, infrared imaging can identify critical biochemical alterations that precede morphological changes, potentially allowing for earlier intervention.