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2016 ; 8
(1
): 39
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The effects of antibiotics on the microbiome throughout development and
alternative approaches for therapeutic modulation
#MMPMID27074706
Langdon A
; Crook N
; Dantas G
Genome Med
2016[Apr]; 8
(1
): 39
PMID27074706
show ga
The widespread use of antibiotics in the past 80 years has saved millions of
human lives, facilitated technological progress and killed incalculable numbers
of microbes, both pathogenic and commensal. Human-associated microbes perform an
array of important functions, and we are now just beginning to understand the
ways in which antibiotics have reshaped their ecology and the functional
consequences of these changes. Mounting evidence shows that antibiotics influence
the function of the immune system, our ability to resist infection, and our
capacity for processing food. Therefore, it is now more important than ever to
revisit how we use antibiotics. This review summarizes current research on the
short-term and long-term consequences of antibiotic use on the human microbiome,
from early life to adulthood, and its effect on diseases such as malnutrition,
obesity, diabetes, and Clostridium difficile infection. Motivated by the
consequences of inappropriate antibiotic use, we explore recent progress in the
development of antivirulence approaches for resisting infection while minimizing
resistance to therapy. We close the article by discussing probiotics and fecal
microbiota transplants, which promise to restore the microbiota after damage of
the microbiome. Together, the results of studies in this field emphasize the
importance of developing a mechanistic understanding of gut ecology to enable the
development of new therapeutic strategies and to rationally limit the use of
antibiotic compounds.
|Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects/*pharmacology/*therapeutic use
[MESH]
free
free
free
