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2016 ; 170
(4
): 2407-19
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Herbivore-Triggered Electrophysiological Reactions: Candidates for Systemic
Signals in Higher Plants and the Challenge of Their Identification
#MMPMID26872949
Zimmermann MR
; Mithöfer A
; Will T
; Felle HH
; Furch AC
Plant Physiol
2016[Apr]; 170
(4
): 2407-19
PMID26872949
show ga
In stressed plants, electrophysiological reactions (elRs) are presumed to
contribute to long-distance intercellular communication between distant plant
parts. Because of the focus on abiotic stress-induced elRs in recent decades,
biotic stress-triggered elRs have been widely ignored. It is likely that the
challenge to identify the particular elR types (action potential [AP], variation
potential, and system potential [SP]) was responsible for this course of action.
Thus, this survey focused on insect larva feeding (Spodoptera littoralis and
Manduca sexta) that triggers distant APs, variation potentials, and SPs in
monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plant species (Hordeum vulgare, Vicia faba,
and Nicotiana tabacum). APs were detected only after feeding on the stem/culm,
whereas SPs were observed systemically following damage to both stem/culm and
leaves. This was attributed to the unequal vascular innervation of the plant and
a selective electrophysiological connectivity of the plant tissue. However,
striking variations in voltage patterns were detected for each elR type. Further
analyses (also in Brassica napus and Cucurbita maxima) employing complementary
electrophysiological approaches in response to different stimuli revealed various
reasons for these voltage pattern variations: an intrinsic plasticity of elRs, a
plant-specific signature of elRs, a specific influence of the applied (a)biotic
trigger, the impact of the technical approach, and/or the experimental setup. As
a consequence, voltage pattern variations, which are not irregular but rather
common, need to be included in electrophysiological signaling analysis. Due to
their widespread occurrence, systemic propagation, and respective triggers, elRs
should be considered as candidates for long-distance communication in higher
plants.