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2016 ; 22
(2
): 349-60
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2-Photon Characterization of Optical Proteolytic Beacons for Imaging Changes in
Matrix-Metalloprotease Activity in a Mouse Model of Aneurysm
#MMPMID26903264
Haskett DG
; Maestas D
; Howerton SJ
; Smith T
; Ardila DC
; Doetschman T
; Utzinger U
; McGrath D
; McIntyre JO
; Vande Geest JP
Microsc Microanal
2016[Apr]; 22
(2
): 349-60
PMID26903264
show ga
Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a multifactorial disease that is a leading cause of
death in developed countries. Matrix-metalloproteases (MMPs) are part of the
disease process, however, assessing their role in disease initiation and
progression has been difficult and animal models have become essential. Combining
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) proteolytic beacons activated in the
presence of MMPs with 2-photon microscopy allows for a novel method of evaluating
MMP activity within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Single and 2-photon spectra
for proteolytic beacons were determined in vitro. Ex vivo experiments using the
apolipoprotein E knockout angiotensin II-infused mouse model of aneurysm imaged
ECM architecture simultaneously with the MMP-activated FRET beacons. 2-photon
spectra of the two-color proteolytic beacons showed peaks for the individual
fluorophores that enable imaging of MMP activity through proteolytic cleavage. Ex
vivo imaging of the beacons within the ECM revealed both microstructure and MMP
activity. 2-photon imaging of the beacons in aneurysmal tissue showed an increase
in proteolytic cleavage within the ECM (p<0.001), thus indicating an increase in
MMP activity. Our data suggest that FRET-based proteolytic beacons show promise
in assessing MMP activity within the ECM and will therefore allow future studies
to identify the heterogeneous distribution of simultaneous ECM remodeling and
protease activity in aneurysmal disease.